The OptoEYE lens is specifically designed for precise visual image quality measurements in near-to-eye displays. With a design that mirrors the key characteristics of the human eye, its compact form factor ensures effortless positioning within the intended eye box, enabling smooth and accurate measurements of the NED waveguide or the entire system.

OptoEYE is a double-imaging telecentric conoscopic lens. Conoscopes, also known as F-Theta lenses, are designed to maintain constant angular magnification. They operate in angular space, mirroring the natural behavior of the human eye, and simplifying the image analysis.

Since the human eye is a scanning system, rotating not just the eyeball but also the head, humans naturally perceive the world in angular terms. OptoEYE is engineered to align with this natural perception, transforming optical angular space into X and Y Cartesian coordinates on the image sensor. This conversion makes it possible for OptoEYE to interpret the incoming visual signal the same way a human eye would.

The telecentric optics of OptoEYE ensure that light is always brought onto the sensor at a perfect normal incidence, regardless of the pixel’s position on the sensor. This uniformity is particularly beneficial when applying filters like OptoColor, which often have their own angular responses. By maintaining a consistent and predictable light path, telecentric optics ensure that filters perform reliably without variations in angular response.

Telecentric optics also minimize the magnification changes due to refocusing the camera . Typically, regular camera lenses experience a slight change in image magnification, or "breathing," when refocusing from close-up to infinity. Designing the lens for telecentric image space eliminates this issue, ensuring that the angular calibration, or the mapping of objects from angular space onto the sensor's Cartesian coordinates, remains constant. This stability in magnification and angular mapping makes OptoEYE ideal for precise imaging applications, where consistency is crucial.

OptoEYE features a virtual entrance pupil, with a working distance of approximately 3.7 mm. The system aperture is a motorized internal iris, an image of which is then projected a few mm in front of the first physical lens surface. This unique mechanical feature allows OptoEYE to be positioned in places where the human eye would naturally be, even if other mechanical components occupy that space during measurement.

The virtual iris is particularly advantageous the lens is used in projector mode, and needs to focus the light into a small input port of a waveguide.

The internal iris is adjustable, enabling simulation of human iris diameters ranging from 1mm to 5mm. OptoEYE is also equipped with a motorized focus with a range of +/- 4 diopters. This flexibility allows OptoEYE to replicate the human eye’s optical behavior, even in challenging or obstructed environments.

OptoColor combines the OptoEYE lens with advanced color filters and precise calibration. OptoEYE enables focus, correct field of view, and simulation of the human eye's optical behavior. The integrated camera head enhances the system by enabling resolution measurement, distortion analysis, and capturing visual data as the human eye perceives it. The addition of the filter wheel introduces accurate color vision, making OptoColor a comprehensive tool for assessing both the optical and color performance of near-to-eye displays.

OptoProjector takes a back-illuminated reticle and projects it into an image, operating in angular space just like OptoGrayscale and OptoColor.

• Projection in Angular Space: OptoProjector emits light into angular space rather than Cartesian space, ensuring that the projection is calibrated to be straight and accurate in angular coordinates. This is crucial in order to guarantee similar behavior to a human observer.
• External Virtual Iris: A standout feature of the OptoProjector is its use of an external virtual iris. This virtual iris concentrates light into a compact area, which is particularly important when working with DUTs that occupy the physical space where a conventional aperture might otherwise be placed. The virtual iris allows for precise light control without obstructing the DUT, enhancing the accuracy of measurements.
• Waveguide Compatibility: Near-to-eye display waveguides typically use a miniature projector to direct light through an entrance aperture only a few millimeters wide. Thanks to its Virtual Iris, OptoProjector can replicate this process, ensuring accurate project of light into such tight spaces.